RESUMO
OBJECTIVES.: To describe the clinical characteristics, lethality, antibiotic susceptibility, and serotype distribution of pneumococcal meningitis in pediatric patients in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: A case series of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 16 years of age from two prospective, multicenter, passive surveillance studies of invasive pneumococcal diseases held in Lima-Peru from 2006 to 2008 and 2009 to 2011. RESULTS.: We report 44 pneumococcal meningitis episodes; 68.2% of them were in children less than 2 years old. The overall case fatality rate was 32.6%; 92.9% of fatal cases were in children less than 2 years of age (p<0.05). Malnutrition was associated with fatal cases (p<0.05). 64.3% of fatal cases died within the first two days. 41.9% of pneumococcal isolates were resistant to penicillin, 23.3% were intermediate resistant to ceftriaxone (none were highly resistant) and 9.3% were resistant to chloramphenicol. The most common serotypes were 6B, 14, 19F and 23F, which accounted for 68.3% of all strains; 84.1% of strains were PCV13 serotypes. CONCLUSIONS.: Pneumococcal meningitis continues to be a lethal disease, especially in children less than 2 years of age. Since almost two third of lethal cases lead to death within the first 48 hours, prompt diagnosis and management is critical, as well as assurance of immunization with pneumococcal vaccine.
Assuntos
Meningite Pneumocócica/epidemiologia , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Peru , Estudos Prospectivos , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniaeRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir las características clínicas, letalidad, susceptibilidad antibiótica y distribución de serotipos de meningitis neumocócica en pacientes pediátricos de Lima, Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Serie de casos de meningitis neumocócica en niños menores de 16 años. Los datos fueron obtenidos de dos estudios multicéntricos prospectivos, de vigilancia pasiva de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva realizados en Lima-Perú desde los años 2006 al 2008, y del 2009 al 2011. Resultados. Reportamos 44 episodios de meningitis neumocócica; 68,2% fueron en niños menores de 2 años. La tasa de letalidad fue 32,6; y 92,9% de los casos letales ocurrieron en niños menores de dos años (p<0,05). La desnutrición estuvo asociada a los casos letales (p<0,05). El 64,3% de los casos fatales murieron dentro de los 2 primeros días. El 41,9% de los cultivos con neumococo fueron resistentes a la penicilina, 23,3% mostró resistencia intermedia a ceftriaxona (ninguno mostró resistencia completa) y 9,3% mostró resistencia a cloranfenicol. Los serotipos más frecuentes fueron 6B, 14, 19F y 23F, los cuales constituyeron el 68,3% de todas las cepas; 84,1% de las cepas encontradas están incluidas en los serotipos de la vacuna 13 valente. Conclusiones. La meningitis neumocócica continúa siendo una enfermedad letal, especialmente en niños menores de 2 años. Dado que aproximadamente dos tercios de los casos letales fallecen en las primeras 48 h, es crítico un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, así como asegurar el cumplimiento de la inmunización con la vacuna neumocócica.
ABSTRACT Objectives. To describe the clinical characteristics, lethality, antibiotic susceptibility, and serotype distribution of pneumococcal meningitis in pediatric patients in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods. A case series of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 16 years of age from two prospective, multicenter, passive surveillance studies of invasive pneumococcal diseases held in Lima-Peru from 2006 to 2008 and 2009 to 2011. Results. We report 44 pneumococcal meningitis episodes; 68.2% of them were in children less than 2 years old. The overall case fatality rate was 32.6%; 92.9% of fatal cases were in children less than 2 years of age (p<0.05). Malnutrition was associated with fatal cases (p<0.05). 64.3% of fatal cases died within the first two days. 41.9% of pneumococcal isolates were resistant to penicillin, 23.3% were intermediate resistant to ceftriaxone (none were highly resistant) and 9.3% were resistant to chloramphenicol. The most common serotypes were 6B, 14, 19F and 23F, which accounted for 68.3% of all strains; 84.1% of strains were PCV13 serotypes. Conclusions. Pneumococcal meningitis continues to be a lethal disease, especially in children less than 2 years of age. Since almost two third of lethal cases lead to death within the first 48 hours, prompt diagnosis and management is critical, as well as assurance of immunization with pneumococcal vaccine.
